r/anhedonia

Cow Milk

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• Cow milk contains components like antibodies and lactoferrin, which may bolster the immune system, especially in young children. It also has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, potentially aiding in fighting infections. However, its hormonal content, like IGF-1, may influence growth, though this is still being researched.
• Beyond nutrition, cow milk has bioactive compounds like transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), used in treating conditions like Crohn’s disease, showing its potential beyond just food.
• Cow milk is primarily composed of water (about 87%), with the remainder consisting of proteins, fats, lactose, vitamins, and minerals. The average composition, as outlined in "Milk composition and microbiology - Milk composition", includes 4.9% lactose, 3.4% fat, 3.3% protein, and 0.7% minerals.
• Cow milk, particularly colostrum, contains high levels of antibodies and immune factors, which can modulate the immune system. Lactoferrin, a key protein found in cow milk at concentrations of 2–3 g/L.
• Cow milk contains casein, which can be broken down into casomorphins, peptides with opioid-like activity. These compounds have been detected in blood after milk consumption, potentially influencing gastrointestinal function or appetite, though their physiological significance in humans is not fully established.
• Lactose, the primary carbohydrate in cow milk, provides energy but can cause digestive issues in individuals with lactose intolerance, leading to symptoms like diarrhea and bloating ("Milk: Health benefits and nutrition"). Additionally, milk contains oligosaccharides that act as prebiotics, supporting gut health by promoting beneficial bacteria, as discussed in "Frontiers | Composition, Structure, and Digestive Dynamics of Milk From Different Species—A Review". These gastrointestinal effects are significant pharmacological actions, particularly for those with sensitivities.
• A milk cytokine, has been shown to promote remission in pediatric Crohn’s disease when supplemented in enteric nutrition formulas.
• Milk glycans, including oligosaccharides, show promise as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents in preclinical studies.

• Component	Percentage (%)
  Water	87.7
  Lactose	4.9
  Fat	3.4
  Protein	3.3
  Minerals (Ash)	0.7